WOMAN AND ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
By her
innumerable way of participation and activity into society, with high
influence in the political decisions of development, directly or
indirectly, woman can't be put out of the environmental question, by the
way, she is related to it and as a consequence to the sustainable
development.
Mainly the development
of the ocidentalized societies has been bringing to woman better life
conditions and the recognizing of the fundamental importance that she is
in the nations lives, what can be noticed with the realizing of national,
regions and international conferences about the subject.
In the conferences
emerged some really important documents that must be recognized and used
by the governs.
Conferences and international instruments for women's protection:
- World Conference of Woman
International Year. Mexico, 1975;
- World Conference of the United Nations
Decade for Woman. Copenhagen, 1980.
- Convention for the elimination of any
discrimination to woman (1979)
It was adopted by the
Resolution 34/180 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, n
December 18th of 1979. Ratified by Brazil in 02.01.1984.
By this convention the
States that are part of it have to create a politic for eliminating the
discrimination against woman, having as a compromise:
a) consecrate, if it
isn't already done, in its National Constitutions or in another
appropriate legislation, the principle of equality between woman and man
and to assure by the law and another adequate means the practice of this
principle;
b) adopt adequate ways,
legislative and another ones, with sanction and some ways that prohibit
any kind of discrimination against woman;
c) establish juridical
protection to the woman's right in an equality basis to the man's rights
and guarantee, by the competent national Courts and from another public
institutions, the effective woman's protections against any discrimination
act;
d) being absent of
coming in every discrimination act or practice against woman and being
careful for the authorities and public institutions work as this
obligation;
e) take some
appropriate acts for eliminating the discrimination against woman
practiced by any person, organization or enterprise;
f) adopt all the
adequate acts, including legislative character, for changing laws, or any
other object that has something discriminative against woman;
g) derogate all the
national penal dispositions that are discriminative in relation to woman.
-
United Nation Conference about Women, Nairobi, Kenya.(1985).
- United Nation Conference about
Environment and Development. Rio de Janeiro, 1992.
In this Conference,
also known as Rio-92, the most important document about development
emerged, being created a new way of development called sustainable, Agenda
21. In its chapter 24, World Action for Woman, taking care of a
sustainable development and equality, where a lot of documents are signed,
action planes and conventions for the woman integration in the activities
related to sustainable development.
- Interamerican Convention for
preventing, punishing and eradication the violence against woman. Belém
do Pará Convention, 1994.
It has considered that
violence against woman is a violation of Human Rights and of the
fundamental freedoms.
It has called the
States that are part for being careful in the prevention, punishing and
eradication of any way of violence against woman.
- Pequin Declaration (1995)
Adopted by the Fourth
World Women's Conference: Action for the equality, development and peace,
realized in September of 1995, in Pequin, China.
There was a big
increase in this Declaration of woman related to thinking freedom,
religion and of organizing their lives accordingly to their own conviction.
All the woman rights of controlling all the aspects of their health and
fertility life were recognized. For the first time their reproductive
rights were recognized.
It was also assured for
woman the equal participation in the sustainable development and equality
of access to economical resources, science, technology, professional
capacitating etc.
- World Woman Conference. Beijing,1995.
Realized from September
4th to 15th in 1995, in Beijing, China.
Here emerged the
Beijing Action Platform, which consecrate the international community's
compromise for the developing of women rights, bringing the introduction
of values changing, acts and practices that show the inequality and
discrimination against woman, in the public and private life.
The Action Platform had
as basis 12 spheres that followed as basis for the Action Platform:
1. the persistent and
growing poverty on woman;
2. unequal woman's
access to educational opportunities and its insufficiency;
3. the inequalities in
the health state and to the access to the health services and its
inadequate character;
4. violence against
woman;
5. effects of the gun
conflicts and another ones on woman;
6. inequality of access
and in woman's participation in relation to political and economical
structures definitions and the production processes;
7. inequality between
men and women in the power participation and in the decisions making in
all of the spheres;
8. insufficient
existent ways in all of the plans for promoting woman's advancement;
9. lack of conscious of
women human rights internationally and nationally recognized and the lack
of compromise for these rights;
10. lack of divulgation
from the communication means for promoting the value woman contribution
for society;
11. lack of sufficient
recognizing for feminine contribution in the govern of natural resources
and environment preservation, and the lack of adequate support for this
contribution;
12. girls.
Woman and environment:
These advances
in woman's rights have put her in first plan in a lot of countries, with
personal and political conditions for fighting for the main subjects and
humanity and environmental questions.
In the environmental
ones, women are outstanding with acts in favor to forests, sustainable
development, cultural and notably for animal rights, having as a main
precursor the famous actress Brigitte Bardot. Here in Brazil specials
remark for Rita Lee.
A lot of prosecutors
are also acting for environmental preservation, judging environmental
public civil actions, as lawyers are acting in the Environment Commissions
of the Brazilian Lawyers Order.
In the environment's
protection associations in general we are also seeing the bigger and
bigger woman acting.
Conclusion:
So, nowadays
woman have reached rights that were never exercised before, for her
personal efforts and of their entities, as the own right evolution,
notably in the occidental countries.
Studies, debates and
results of worldwide conferences about woman rights were essential in this
evolutionary process and its letters, recommendations, declarations and
agendas must be divulged for the effective and concrete equality battle
being winner, putting woman in he place that she always must had been,
fighting for surviving beside man. It is what is expected.
So the importance for
celebrating Woman International Day, with discussions and debates about
the subject, making each time more alive the millenium fight.
Woman International Day: March 8th
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